Stricture urethra
It is narrowing of the urinary passage secondary to a trauma or infection
Age of occurence is more common in young people
STDs are one of the commonest cause. Trauma to the urinary tract during a road traffic accident can also cause this .
Symptoms—decreased speed of urine ,repeated urinary infections. burning while passing urine. Pain while ejaculation and having intercourse. some times blood in urine also.
Investigations : urine routine ,urine culture ,uroflowmetry to acess the urinary speed .
Retrograde urethrogram or ascending urethrogram.
Normal urethra
Treatment : once diagnosed the point strictures can be treated by VIU LASER
Long strictures and recurrent ones are treated by urethroplasty
Renal stones
These are one of the commonest problems seen in the general population.
The incidence has increased due to the lifestyle stress and consumption of junk food.
Types of stones are
Calcium oxolate
Calcium phosphate
Uric acid
Cystine stones
Reasons for stone formation
Decreased water intake.
Increased salt intake
More cosumption of protiens in the form of red meat and protien suppliments
Family history of stones,obesity
Imbalance betweeen inhibitors of stone formation like citrate ,magnesuim and stone forming agents like uric acid ,calcium and oxolate
SYMPTOMS OR PRESENTATION
Severe Pain in the back which radiates to the groin
Fever
Burning while passing urine
Blood in urine
HOW TO DIAGNOSE
Ultrasound scan
CT KUB scan
RIRS
Pcnl :this is done for large renal stones
PREVENTION
Drink upto 3 liters of water
Reduce meat and salt intake
Healty lifestyle
Prostate enlargement
What is it
Prostate is in all males, its function is to provide volume to semen and secrete nutrients to the sperms.
The prostate keeps growing in size with age and due some of harmonal changes in males.usualy it is of a wallnut size.
SYMOTOMS OF PROSTATE ENLARGEMET
Increased passing of urine during nights (nocturia)
Increased freqvency
Decreased flow of urine
Straining to void or pass urine
Sense of incomplete emptying of bladder
Post void dribble
Burning while passing urine
Repeated urine infections
